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Free Software and Programming Languages \u200b\u200b

Free Software

According Wikilpedia free software: Free software (in English free software) is software that, once obtained, can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistribute. Free software is usually available free of charge, but do not associate free software to free software, price or cost of distribution through other means, but not required to be so and, although he retains his character free, you be sold commercially. Similarly, free software or free (usually referred to as freeware) includes some Sometimes the source code, but this type of software is not free in the same sense as free software, unless they are guaranteed the right to modify and redistribute such modified versions of the program.

studying the concept, we can draw several fundamental ideas about free software, among which we can enumerate:

1. Can be executed with any purpose (eduactivo, business, domestic, commercial, etc)
2. The source code is available for review and modification.
3. It is freely distributed, that is, we copy the program and install it and take it anywhere where necessary, without having a license!.

These characteristics are the major differences between FOSS and proprietary software. now within these 2 branches of sotfware there several programming languages, we Concentrates in 2 languages \u200b\u200bin specific used for dynamic web page creation, server languages \u200b\u200bsuch as ASP and PHP. ASP



The proprietary software we are using ASP (Active Server Pages) is a server side technology from Microsoft for web pages generated dynamically, which has been marketed as an adjunct to Internet Information Server (IIS). ASP technology is closely related to the technological model of the manufacturer. Try to be a model solution for rapid programming and programming in ASP is how to program in VisualBasic.

ASP is a system with no necesariamante portability as it requires a Windows server, with all the implications of high cost, inflexibility and low security that these teams carry

PHP

On the other hand we have PHP is a programming language that runs on servers website that lets you create dynamic content in HTML pages.

has multiple tools to access databases easily, making it ideal for creating Internet applications.

is cross platform, works for Unix (Apache) and Windows (Microsoft Internet Information Server) so that the code is created for one of them does not have to be modified when moving to the next.

As we speak forth between windows and linux, also compares the web programming language. Among them are PHP and ASP, two languages most widely used web programming.

When a user attempts to view a page, the server executes scripts and generate another page as a result. This new website only contains HTML, and which displays the user's browser.

PHP Features

1. Execution speed.
2. It is a language specifically designed for web applications, while other languages \u200b\u200bare adapted tions of existing languages, not intended for the web.
3. The software required to run applications is free software. (GNU / Linux)
4. Maintains a small footprint machine.
5. Very safe, very little chance of corrupting the data.
6. Work with a variety of databases
7. Predifinas feature rich.
8. Can be installed on Windows servers (with emulators (apache + php + (MySQL / Postgres)
9. Easy Learning
10. It is a free language
11. There are a ton more resources than asp.
12. available open source resources.
13. works in combination with other technologies: perl, javascript, phyton and DHTML.
14. presents a totally different philosophy and a more generous spirit, is progressively built by disinterested partners that implement new features in new versions of the language.
15. Best combines well with other tools, such as the apache server and mysql database (or msql, or graduate), all free.
16. Good documentation. Product

ASP

1. Pages can be programmed in VisualScript, Jscript and Perl
2. Licensed use
owner 3. Servers Only and / or computers with Microsoft Windows operating system
4. Most frequently invoked objects.
5. Make numerous task s using components (objects) to be purchased (or planned) by the server at certain specialist companies.
6. Good level of security.
7. Prior knowledge of programming in Visual Basic.
8. Specifies that the server operates on Windows NT, Windows 2000 or higher
9. To emulate OS OpenSource license be canceled.
10. Closed source, only seen by its developers.
11. Good documentation.

Now for the practical part of the item, we will schedule a script to collect 2 data in a form and then display it on screen after having processed the data. Let's see what we need:

a form that is required to screen print the name and address of your blog, a student IUTLV using ASP and PHP. First of all we must build the form, which will be the same for the 2 cases and which carries no programming in asp or php, for this we use a web designer, in my case I'm using Macromedia Dreamweaver MX.

Form:
form name = "form" method = "post" action = "imprimir.asp" br / table border = "1" width = "50%" br br td tr b Name: b td td input type = " text "name =" Name "tr br br td td b Address Blog: b td td input type =" text "name =" Blog "tr br br td td input type =" submit "td td input type =" reset " br br form table td

Note: There are many characters Html clear them, so that Blogger will not take it as HTML and produce the form.

Which is this:

Name:
Blog Address:

Now that the form is designed move on to programming in ASP:

First we must create a document. asp called "imprimir.asp" which will be called by the page in the chain form action = "imprimir.asp" when you press Submit Query. In making the call to the page imprimir.asp will run the following code which is on the page "imprimir.asp"

<% Dim nombre, Blog nombre=CStr( Trim( Request.Form("Nombre") ) ) Blog=CStr( Trim( Request.Form("Blog") ) ) Response.Write("Nombre:"&nombre&""&VbCrLf) Response.Write("Blog: "&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Blog&""&VbCrLf) %>

For the server to differentiate the html code, xml, java, etc ASP code begins with "<%" despues de haber terminado de escribir nuestro codigo se cierra con "%>." This indicates that within this is the ASP code. Then we declare our variables which are name and blog. With Cstr Trim and convert the data into a string of text. Now with "Request.Form" we collect form data and its syntax is as follows (Request.Form ("field name")). "

After having obtained the form data, if any introduccidos in the variables we show on screen and in ASP this is done with the command "Response.Write".


will use PHP the same form but unlike in action is to call the page "imprimir.php" begin with the code:

$ name = $ _POST ['name'];
$ blog = $ _POST ["blog"];
echo "Name: $ name;
echo" Address of the blog: $ blog;

This code will save it as "imprimir.php." Just as in ASP, PHP code must be denoted that the server can know that we are programming and this is done by "" The $ sign identifies the variables and using the $ _POST command get the form data and the command "echo" screen print on the value of the variable.

After we saw the same exercise with the 2 solved programming languages \u200b\u200bsee the commands used and the like in ASP and PHP.

Request.Form (ASP): This command took the field value on the form.
$ _POST (PHP): Use this command to take the value of the field on the form.
Response.Write (ASP): This command screen printed.
Echo (PHP): Use this command to print the screen.

In general there are thousands of commands, which almost always have their counterpart in every programming language.

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Devices E / S

both are called peripheral units or devices through which the computer communicates with the outside world, as the systems that store or archive information. Means any set of peripheral devices that do not belong to the core of the computer, made by the CPU and main memory, enabling operations of input / output (I / S) complement the process of making the CPU data . These three basic units in a computer, CPU, main memory subsystem and the E / S, are connected via three buses or channels of communication: the address bus to select the address of data or a peripheral that wants to access the control bus, basically to select the operation to be performed on the data (mainly reading, writing or modification) and the data bus for where data circulate.

Even though the term peripherals often involves the concept of "additional but not essential, many of them are essential to a computer system. The keyboard and monitor, essential in any personal computer today (they were not in the first computers) are probably the most common peripherals, and may many people do not consider them as such because they are usually taken as a necessary part of a computer. The mouse is probably the clearest example of this. Less than 20 years ago, not all personal computer including this device. The MS-DOS operating system, the most common at the time, had a command line interface for that was not necessary the use of a mouse, everything was done by text commands. It was with the popularity of Windows when the mouse started to be an essential element in any home equipped with a personal computer.

CLASSIFICATION

Devices can be classified in three ways: Input Devices, Output Devices and Input / Output.

Input Devices

An input device is neither more nor less than an electronic supplement that when used properly, allows the user to transfer information to the computer for later processing. Some input devices include mouse, keyboard, microphone, scanner, webcam, etc.

Output Device

For output device means an electronic supplement that is able to display and represent the information processed by the computer in the form of text, graphics, drawings, photographs, virtual three-dimensional spaces, diagrams, etc. Some output peripherals are: Monitor, Printer, Cornets, Headphones, etc.

Devices Input / Output

Its function is to store or permanently or virtually all what we do with the computer, from the drawings of a postmodern building up data of all the books in our library personal.

The read-write memory of the computer can be considered a peripheral input / output, although the storage capacity of information is reduced while the computer is on. Some devices E / S are: Memmories RAM, hard drives, recorders / CD players, recorders / DVD player, etc..

BLU-RAY

The PS3 has Blu-ray DVD drive, a DVD and CD Maximum Read Speed \u200b\u200bBD 2x, 8x DVD, CD 24x. The Playstation 3 is used by format of next-generation optical disc designed for use in high-definition video and high-density data. The Blu-ray Disc (BD) was designed jointly by a group of consumer electronics companies and their name comes from the blue laser that, thanks to its wavelength, store more data than the red laser DVDs , which is the same size but has a longer wavelength (650 nm).

With the same dimensions as a DVD, Blu-ray Disc can store content in high definition resolution of 1920x1080 pixels, which is commonly called HD. A disk stores 25 GB information in a single layer disc, while if the disc is two layers supports up to 50 GB, 10 times the DVD.Es impossible to talk about this format without referring to its natural enemy: the HD-DVD.

Since the war between Beta and VHS had not experienced a similar and it does not have as clear a winner. The two formats are very similar and the major difference lies in the capacity Blu-Ray being superior in this respect both the size and on any potential, with up to 200 GB in the project. Both support the same resolution graphics and have data transfer rates similar, but Blu-Ray has a higher video transfer. HD-DVD seems to account for a much lower price as the manufacturing process is the same as the DVD, although it is assumed that Blu-Ray will be getting a more competitive price in a short time. The supports are also fairly spread out, making it very difficult to bet on which of the two formats will eventually be imposed and especially if the public does not get bored of this struggle.

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Motherboards and The Playstation 3

First of all we talk a little about its definition and motherboards funcionanmiento before seeing a bit on the plate using the new PS3. Now we understand Motherboards:

A card mother is the central or primary circuit board of a computer system or other complex electronic system. A typical computer with the microprocessor, main memory, and other basic components on the motherboard. Other components of the computer such as external storage, control circuits for video and sound, and peripheral devices are attached to the motherboard via connectors or cables of any kind. This is also known as the main board. The motherboard is one of the most important components of a computer, it depends on other components because it serves as the basis for the interconnection of all these. This fact supports the reliability and speed the quality system of the plate. Physically, it is a "wafer" of synthetic material, on which there is an electronic circuit that connects different elements that are anchored on it.

Like any computer system, all the basic circuitry and components required for a PC to operate is mounted either directly on the motherboard or an expansion card plugged into an expansion slot motherboard. The slots or grooves, in English are each property by having the motherboard on which are inserted cards.

The most common are:

• PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect "Peripheral Component Interconnect" is a computer bus standard for connecting devices to the motherboard. It is very common in PCs, where it has displaced the ISA bus as standard.
  
• Advanced Graphics Port AGP (Advanced Graphics Port) is a specific port for connecting the graphics card and is only used for 3D accelerator cards. There are four types, AGP, AGP 2x, AGP 4x and AGP 8x. It is currently being displaced by PCI-Express port that provides higher speed ratios.
  
• PCI-Express represents an evolution from the PCI bus using programming concepts and communication standards exist, but is based on a long range communication system faster.

Now all those slot should be handled by something and that something is nothing more to the Chipset. A chipset is a chipset designed to work together and offer higher performance to the system. Chipset manufacturers are in the most cases other manufacturers of motherboards that enables different brands integrate the same chipset boards. Most current integrated chipsets drivers for graphics cards, sound cards, network and other devices that allow a higher level of integration on the board itself. The following image is a diagram of an ATX motherboard in the picture look details the main components present in it.

Now we saw a bit on the motherboards going to the subject matter meets the PS3 motherboard. The motherboard of the PS3 is nothing more than a circuit board designed specifically for use by the Cell processor. Unlike the motherboards of computers that do not have PCI expansion ports nor AGP, IDE and Ram memory banks.

These integrated motherboard comes XDR memory, the Cell processor and RSX called Video circuits together. Many years ago, the game needed the central processor to perform all 3D calculations (polygons, textures, etc). With the coming of 3D graphics cards, all that calculus has been managed by them, leaving the processor free to perform calculations own video game itself. However, the CELL processor's unique architecture allows help to the graphics card to make certain load traverses to get those graphics so stunning. So that for the first time, processor and graphics card will return to work in creating 3D environments.

In the following picture of the plate PS3 shows its design and in which we can distinguish the Cell processor and to the right are 4 black chips representing the XDR memory, we can also observe RSX graphics processor and connectors for different devices such as Blue Disc drive and SATA hard disk.

This motherboard is made by the prestigious company based in Taiwan ASUS. ASUS was founded in 1989 in Taiwan by TH Tung, Ted Hsu, Wayne Hsieh and MT Liao - all four were computer engineers from Acer signature. The current CEO and Chairman of ASUS, Jonney Shih, joined the company in 1994. According to the ASUS sales manager Alexander Kim the name ASUS has its origins in the English meaning Pegasus, referring to the winged horse of Greek mythology.

The first three letters of the word were deleted to give the resulting name a prime position in ordered lists alphabetically. In 2004, ASUS announced that it had sold more motherboards than the sum of sales of the other three leading companies in the sector, reaching 30 million. This shows that Sony chose a pioneer in its sector for the delicate mission of developing the motherboard of your most important product in the division of Entretenimento.

MEMORY

We have

understand how the processor of the PS3 and how it interacts with your motherboard, but the processor can do their calculations and operations, it must have something where you can store this information and is where XDR memory acts. But before we talk a little about the reports and their types.

Traditionally there has been talk of two existing main memory in personal computers, the ROM (Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory) The former has said it is a permanent storage area and 'immutable' or read-only. And the second is the actual working area of \u200b\u200bthe PC. The ROM is actually a programmable memory to some extent, can be customized by an applet stored on it (THE SETUP), the PC functions to suit different kinds of components you can assemble a PC.

The BIOS is the only other generic name is known to the ROM also features a set of instructions that provide a specific behavior between the circuits of the machine and operating system. These instructions recorded by the manufacturer, modified or programmed only through advanced procedures: update software or BIOS reprogramming machines.

RAM instead is an empty workspace. A space that is created at the discretion of construction equipment integrator a PC with a certain space (128, 256, 512 megabytes, etc.). This is possible by inserting memory modules into the memory banks that have motherboards or motherboards.

The PS3 works with a different memory type current standard for PCs, today's computers work mostly with DDR2 and bus speed is different and depends directly on the motherboard which will work. DDR2 memory can work from 533 Mhz to 800 Mhz.

The type of memory that is on the PS3 is the XDR (extreme data rate) and not more than a supermemory which works at 4.8 GHz providing excellent transfer rate which can reach the negligible figure of 12.8Gbit / s. Sony's console is armed with 4 XDR memory chips that provide 256 MB of memory.

And if this is not just the PS3 also features 256 MB of VRAM (Video Random Access Memory) is a type of memory used for our graphics controller able to handle all the visual information, which is used exclusively for the PS3 graphics processor (RSX), thus freeing up the 256 MB XDR for exclusive use by the Cell processor.